ML-DSA-44
ML-DSA (FIPS 204) is a lattice-based digital signature scheme, standardized by NIST in August 2024. Built on Module Learning With Errors, it offers fast verification and moderate signature sizes.
- CPU
- Xeon Platinum 8488C
- Measured on
- c7i.large
- OS / Kernel
- 24.04.4 LTS
- liboqs
- 0.15.0
- Wall clock
- 32m 32s
- CPU steal
- <0.01%
Parameters
- Family
- ML-DSA
- Parameter set
- 44
- Public key
- 1.28 KB
- Private key
- 2.50 KB
- Signature
- 2.36 KB
- Iterations / op
- 1,000
- liboqs key
- ML-DSA-44
Regulatory approval status
Whether this algorithm family is approved/recommended for use under three regimes. Every badge links to its source — click through before citing this elsewhere.
CNSA 2.0 replaces ECDSA/RSA digital signatures with ML-DSA.
NSA CNSA 2.0 Cybersecurity Advisory · not directly verified this session, spot-check the sourceCovered under §5.3.4 "Quantum-Safe Signature Schemes" (current 2026-01 version).
BSI TR-02102-1, Version 2026-01 · not directly verified this session, spot-check the sourceSame recommendation pattern as ML-KEM: highest available NIST level (5 preferred, else 3), standardized parameters only.
ANSSI views on the Post-Quantum Cryptography transition (2023 follow up), §2- Mean
- 21.9 µs
- 95% CI on mean
- ±1.97%
- Median
- 18.7 µs
- p95
- 30.4 µs
- p99
- 39.9 µs
- Stdev
- 6.9 µs
- Min
- 17.5 µs
- Ops/sec
- 45,749
Mean is known to 21.43–22.29 µs across 1,000 iterations. A 95% confidence interval on the mean, not a prediction interval for a single operation. It says how precisely the average is known from this run's samples; the standard deviation says how much the individual samples scattered.
Click any point to view the GitHub Actions run that produced it.
- Mean
- 58.1 µs
- 95% CI on mean
- ±3.69%
- Median
- 47.3 µs
- p95
- 124.5 µs
- p99
- 178.8 µs
- Stdev
- 34.6 µs
- Min
- 27.2 µs
- Ops/sec
- 17,207
Mean is known to 55.97–60.26 µs across 1,000 iterations. A 95% confidence interval on the mean, not a prediction interval for a single operation. It says how precisely the average is known from this run's samples; the standard deviation says how much the individual samples scattered.
Click any point to view the GitHub Actions run that produced it.
- Mean
- 19.8 µs
- 95% CI on mean
- ±0.55%
- Median
- 19.5 µs
- p95
- 20.7 µs
- p99
- 29.8 µs
- Stdev
- 1.7 µs
- Min
- 18.7 µs
- Ops/sec
- 50,597
Mean is known to 19.66–19.87 µs across 1,000 iterations. A 95% confidence interval on the mean, not a prediction interval for a single operation. It says how precisely the average is known from this run's samples; the standard deviation says how much the individual samples scattered.
Click any point to view the GitHub Actions run that produced it.